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''Telegraph and Texas Register'' (1835–1877) was the second permanent newspaper in Texas. Originally conceived as the ''Telegraph and Texas Planter'', the newspaper was renamed shortly before it began publication, to reflect its new mission to be "a faithful register of passing events".〔 Owners Gail Borden, John Pettit Borden, and Joseph Baker founded the paper in San Felipe de Austin, a community long at the center of Texas politics.〔Later, when John Pettit Borden left to join the Texas Revolution, brother Thomas Borden stepped in to take his place.〕 The first issue was printed on October 10, 1835, days after the outbreak of the Texas Revolution. The ''Telegraph'' continued to report news of the war and the formation of the new Republic of Texas through the end of March 1836. As the Mexican Army approached the colonies in eastern Texas, most residents fled eastward. The owners of the ''Telegraph'' and their printing press evacuated on March 30 with the rear guard of the Texian Army. The press was quickly reestablished in Harrisburg. On April 14, Mexican soldiers captured the printing press and threw it into Buffalo Bayou. The newspaper was reestablished in August 1836 in Columbia. When the 1st Texas Congress named Houston the new capital of the Republic, the ''Telegraph'' was relocated to Houston. Faced with financial losses, the Bordens sold the paper to Francis W. Moore, Jr. and Jacob Cruger in 1837. Under Moore's leadership, the newspaper became "the most influential news organ of the Republic of Texas".〔 In 1846, following the annexation of Texas to the United States, the newspaper changed its name to ''Democratic Telegraph and Texas Register''. Moore purchased Cruger's shares in 1851, then sold the entire newspaper in 1854. The new owner transformed it into a tri-weekly instead of a weekly. When the paper was sold again in 1856, Edward H. Cushing became chief editor. He guided the newspaper through the difficulties of the American Civil War, occasionally printing on wallpaper when newsprint was scarce. Following the war, the paper went through a series of owners and gradually declined until it was shuttered at the end of 1873. In March 1874 it was resurrected and briefly held the largest circulation any newspaper in Houston had ever received. It closed permanently in 1877. ==Establishment== In February 1835, brothers John and Gail Borden entered a partnership with Joseph Baker to publish a newspaper. Although none of the three had any previous printing experience,〔Kökény (2004), p. 284.〕 Baker was considered "one of the best informed men in the colony on the Texas-Mexican situation".〔 He was the secretary of the ''ayuntamiento'' of San Felipe de Austin, a community which had long been at the center of Texas politics, and he could read Spanish well.〔Franklin (1932), p. 133.〕 Because San Felipe was centrally located among the colonies in eastern Texas, the group chose that location for their newspaper enterprise, hoping it would be easier to gather and distribute news.〔Franklin (1932), p. 134.〕 They announced their venture in an advertisement in the March 15 edition of ''The Texas Republican'', promising that the new paper, ''Telegraph and Texas Planter'', would be "a tool to no party, but would fearlessly expose crime and critical error wherever met with".〔quoted in Barker (1917), p. 141.〕 The advertisement also vowed that the new newspaper would "be ready to advocate such principles and measures as have a tendency to promote union between Texas and the Mexican Confederation, as well as to oppose everything tending to dissolve or weaken the connexion () between them."〔quoted in Franklin (1932), p. 135.〕 The first issue was published October 10, 1835, days after the Texas Revolution began.〔 By this time, the owners had changed the name to ''Telegraph and Texas Register''. In an editorial, the owners explained that the paper's original name had been chosen when "the engrossing object was the accumulating of wealth and consequent aggrandizement of the country. Since that time affairs have assumed an entirely different aspect, and the all-absorbing question is how to protect ourselves, and what we already possess."〔 The newspaper was therefore renamed to reflect their new goal of serving as "a faithful register of passing events".〔 The inaugural edition contained letters from Stephen F. Austin, a report on the development of the Texian Army, translations of several Mexican documents, and reports from the Committees of Correspondance and Safety in several other communities.〔Franklin (1932), p. 134.〕 As editor, Gail Borden strived to be somewhat objective, avoiding blatantly biased or partisan opinions unless a counterpart was also provided.〔〔Kökény (2004), p. 285.〕 The newspaper was published weekly. Each issue contained eight pages, with three columns of text. In earlier issues, the first page generally contained poetry and an article reprinted from another newspaper. Later issues usually had advertisements printed on the front page. The second page was miscellaneous news, while the third contained an editorial. The remaining pages were filled with ads, articles from other newspapers, and local news. Occasionally, the first two pages would contain reprints of recently released official documents.〔 Readers could purchase six- or twelve-month subscriptions. Those who paid in advance were charged only $5 per year. An extra dollar was added if the subscription was paid at the end of the first six months, and the price was increased to $7 if the subscription was paid at the end of the year. Advertisements were limited to 8 lines. The first time the advertisement appeared in the paper, advertisers were charged $1. Each subsequent insertion was worth 50 cents.〔 By November 1, they had collected less than $75, although their expenses were about $250 per month.〔Barker (1917), p. 142.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Telegraph and Texas Register」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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